peak numbers rather than inspecting the entire curve for variations. I agree with you that having greater backpressure is going to negatively affect top end horsepower, but I'm not looking at what the peak values are. It is very well known that backpressure in a naturally aspirated engine WILL improve bottom end torque, regardless of how counter-intuitive it may seem. Your simplified statement concerning the engine as an air pump completely neglects all of the dynamics that are involved in actually making it "move more air", especially when you are looking at what is required to enhance the airflow at given RPMs.